I-anionic surfactant equlethwe kuyoukwakhiwaizongezo zingenza amaqhekeza e-samente ahlakazeke omnye komnye ukwenzela ukuba amanzi akhululekile afakwe kwi-aggregate yesamente akhululwe, kwaye i-agglomerated ye-cement aggregate isasazwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ihlanjululwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuphumeza isakhiwo esixineneyo kunye nokwandisa amandla omdaka, ukuphucula ukunganyanzeki, ukuchasana nokuqhekeka kunye ukuqina.
Udaka oluxutywe nezongezo lunokusebenza kakuhle, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu, ukunamathela okuqinileyo, okungeyona ityhefu, akukho bungozi, kukhuselekile kwaye kuhambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ilungele ukuveliswa kodaka oluqhelekileyo, ukutyabeka, umhlaba kunye nodaka olungangeni manzi kwiifektri zodaka ezisele zixutywe, kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezitena zodongwe zekhonkrithi, izitena ze-ceramsite, izitena ezingenanto, iibhloko zekhonkrithi kunye nezitena ezingatshiyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. izakhiwo zoshishino kunye nezoluntu. Ukwakhiwa kodonga lwangaphakathi kunye nodonga lwangaphandle, ukufakwa kwekhonkrithi elula eludongeni, umhlaba, umgangatho wophahla, udaka olungenamanzi, njl.
1. Iselulosi ether
Kudaka olusele luxutywe,i-cellulose etherisongezelelo esiphambili esongezwa kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu, kodwa linokuphucula kakhulu iimpawu zodaka olumanzi kwaye luchaphazela izakhiwo zokwakha zodaka. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwee-cellulose ethers zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ii-viscosities ezahlukeneyo, ubungakanani bamasuntswana ahlukeneyo, iidigri ze-viscosity ezahlukeneyo kunye neemali ezongezelelweyo ziya kuba nefuthe elihle ekuphuculeni ukusebenzaudaka olomileyo.
Kwimveliso yezinto zokwakha, ngakumbi udaka olomileyo, i-cellulose ether idlala indima engenakulinganiswa, ngakumbi kwimveliso yodaka olukhethekileyo (udaka olulungisiweyo), luyinxalenye eyimfuneko kwaye ibalulekileyo. I-Cellulose ether idlala indima yokugcina amanzi, ukuqina, ukulibazisa amandla e-cement hydration, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokwakhiwa. Umthamo olungileyo wokugcina amanzi wenza i-samente hydration igqibeke ngakumbi, enokuphucula i-viscosity emanzi yodaka olumanzi, ukuphucula amandla ebhondi yodaka, kwaye inokulungelelanisa ixesha lokusebenza. Ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ethers kwi-mechanic spray mortars kunokuphucula ukutshiza okanye ukupompa iimpawu zodaka, kunye namandla okwakhiwa. Ngoko ke, i-cellulose ether isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesongezo esibalulekileyo kwi-mortar esele ixutywe.
2. Umgubo wepolymer owenziwe ngokutsha
I-latex powder enokuchithwa kwakhonayintlaka engumgubo we-thermoplastic efunyenwe ngokumisa isitshizi kunye nokulungiswa okulandelayoi-emulsion yepolymer. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kulwakhiwo, ingakumbi udaka lomgubo owomileyo ukwandisaumanyano, umanyano kunye nokuguquguquka.
Indima ye-latex powder enokuphinda ihlakazwe kwidaka: emva kokusasazeka kwei-polymer powder enokuchithwa kwakhona, yenza ifilimu kwaye isebenze njenge-adhesive yesibini yokuphucula ukubambelela; i-colloid ekhuselayo ixutywa yinkqubo yodaka kwaye ayiyi kutshatyalaliswa ngamanzi emva kokubunjwa kwefilimu okanye ukusabalalisa okwesibini; i-resin ye-polymer eyenza ifilimu isasazwa kulo lonke inkqubo yodaka njengento yokuqinisa, ngaloo ndlela ikwandisa ukudibanisa komdaka.
Kudaka olumanzi, umgubo wepolymer ohlakazekayo unokuphucula ukusebenza kolwakhiwo, uphucule ukusebenza kakuhle, ukonyusa i-thixotropy kunye nokumelana ne-sag, ukuphucula ukuhambelana, ukwandisa ixesha lokuvula, kunye nokuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Emva kokuba udaka luphilisiwe, lunokuphucula amandla okuqina. Amandla okuqina, ukomelela okuguquguqukayo okuphuculweyo, ukuncipha kwemodyuli e-elastic, ukwanda kokukhubazeka, ukwanda kokuxinana kwezinto, ukunyuka kokunganyangeki, ukomelela kokuqina, ukuncipha kobunzulu bekhabhoni, ukuncipha kokufunxwa kwamanzi, kunye nokwenza ukuba izinto zibe yipropathi egqithisileyo ye-hydrophobic njalo njalo.
I-arhente yokungenisa umoya, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-aerating agent, ibhekisa ekwazisweni kwenani elikhulu lamaqamza amancinci asasazwe ngokulinganayo kwinkqubo yokuxuba udaka, enokunciphisa ukuxinana komphezulu wamanzi eludaka, okukhokelela ekuhlakazekeni okungcono kunye ukunciphisa umxube wodaka. Izongezo zokuphuma kwegazi kunye nokwahlula. Ukongeza, ukungeniswa kwamaqamza omoya acolekileyo kwaye azinzileyo nawo aphucula ukusebenza. Ubungakanani bomoya obungeniswayo buxhomekeke kuhlobo lodaka kunye nezixhobo zokuxuba ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Nangona isixa se-agent yokungenisa umoya sincinci kakhulu, i-air-entraining agent inempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kodaka oluxutywe ngokulungeleyo. Inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kodaka oluxutyiweyo, iphucule ukunganyameki kunye nokumelana neqabaka yodaka, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxinana kodaka. , gcina izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokwandisa indawo yokwakha, kodwa ukongezwa kwe-agent-ejenti yokungenisa umoya kuya kunciphisa amandla omdaka, ngokukodwa udaka olunoxinzelelo. Ngoko ke, ubungakanani be-arhente yokungenisa umoya kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo, kunye nomxholo womoya wodaka, ukusebenza kolwakhiwo kunye namandla ahambelanayo ukugqiba inani elifanelekileyo lokongezwa.
4. I-arhente yamandla yangaphambili
I-ejenti yamandla yangaphambili yisongezo esinokukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwamandla okuqala odaka. Uninzi lwazo zii-electrolyte ezingaphiliyo, kwaye ezimbalwa ziikhompawundi eziphilayo.
I-ejenti yamandla yokuqala yodaka oluxutyiweyo olulungeleyo lufuneka ukuba lube ngumgubo kwaye lome. I-calcium formate yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kudaka olusele luxutywe. I-calcium fomati inokuphucula amandla okuqala omdaka kwaye ikhawuleze i-hydration ye-tricalcium silicate, enomphumo othile wokunciphisa amanzi, kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo ze-calcium fomati zizinzile kwiqondo lokushisa. Akulula ukuba i-agglomerate, kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwi-powder mortar eyomileyo.
5. I-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi
I-arhente yokunciphisa amanziibhekisela kwi-additives enokunciphisa inani lokuxuba amanzi phantsi kwemeko yokuba ukuhambelana kodaka ngokusisiseko kuyafana.Superplasticizerszidla ngokuba zii-surfactants, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe: zii-superplasticizers eziqhelekileyo, ii-superplasticizers, ii-superplasticizers zokomelela kwangaphambili, ii-superplasticizers ezilibazisayo, ii-superplasticizers ezilibazisa, kunye neeplasticizers ngokwemisebenzi yazo.
I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esetyenziselwa udaka oluxutywe esele lufuneka ukuba lube ngumgubo kwaye lome. I-ejenti enjalo yokunciphisa amanzi inokuthi ihlakazwe ngokufanayo kwi-powder mortar eyomileyo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ixesha leshelufu lomdaka olungelelanisiweyo. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwe-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi kumdaka olungelelanisiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-sement self-leveling, i-gypsum self-leveling, i-batch scraping mortar, i-waterproof mortar, i-putty, njl njl. iipropati ezahlukeneyo zodaka. ngokuzikhethela.
Izongezo zodaka ezisele zixutyiwe zikwabandakanya iiretarders, iaccelerators,imicu, i-lubricants ye-thixotropic, i-defoaming agents, njl., ezongezwa ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zodaka. Ezi zongezo zisetyenziselwa udaka olusele luxutywe ukuzisa uphuculo ekusebenzeni okufana nesinongo sokutya okupheka. Yongezwa kwiitya ukukhanyisa umbala wezitya, ukwandisa incasa, kunye nokutshixa isondlo, ukuze iintlobo ezahlukeneyoiimbumba ezisele zixutyweinokudlala indima engcono. Isixhobo somlingo sokusetyenziswa ngcono kwiiprojekthi zodaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-11-2023